Cov Lus Nug
Txog Tub Ki
Kuv Yuav Muaj Cuab Kav Pab Tau Li Cas Kom Kuv Tus
Me Nyuam Txawj Nyeem Ntawv?
Cov niam cov txiv puas muaj cuab kav pab kom lawv tus me
nyuam txawj nyeem ntawv? Pab tau kawg! Cov niam cov
txiv yog lawv cov me nyuam thawj tug kws qhia ntawv thiab
lawv muaj cuab kav txhawb lawv cov me nyuam kom txawj
lus xwv lawv thiaj muaj lub tswv yim los nyeem ntawv thiab
nyiam nyeem ntawv thaum lawv loj hlob lawm.
Txoj kev kawm kom txawj nyeem ntawv yog ib qho txuj uas
yuav siv caij nyoog ntev los xyaum, thiab txoj kev kawm
no yeej pib ua tau thaum tseem me me. Li koj yuav faj tau
lawm tias, kev qhia tus me nyuam mos los nyeem ntawv
mas yuav tsis zoo li qhia cov me nyuam loj zog lawm. Cov
me nyuam mos pib kawm nyeem ntawv raws li qhov lawv
qog hais lus thiab to taub cov lus hais, li qhov lawv xyaum
los hais lus nrog lwm tus. Qhov cov niam cov txiv nrog lawv
cov me nyuam hais lus yuav pab tau lawv cov me nyuam
txawj hais lus. Tom qab cov me nyuam mloog tau cov lus
lawm ces, lawv yuav pib txawj lus tuaj. Kev tshawb xyuas
qhia tias cov me nyuam uas hnov ntau lo lus thaum lawv
muaj ib xyoo thiab muaj lwm tus hais lus nrog nws ntau
heev yuav xeem tau ntawv nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib
pib zoo dua cov me nyuam uas tsis tshua tau nrog lwm tus
tham ntau.
Kuj muaj ntau yam cov niam cov txiv yuav ua tau nrog cov
me nyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam hlob kom pab tau lawv
txawj lus thiab muaj tswv yim nrog lwm tus tham uas yuav
npaj lawv mus kawm kom txawj nyeem ntawv.
Rau cov me nyuam mos
Nrog koj tus me nyuam tham thaum pub nws mis, muab
nws da dej, thiab qwv nws pawm. Cov lus hais yog ib lub
hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev txawj nyeem ntawv,
li ntawd lub caij uas cov niam cov txiv nrog lawv cov me
nyuam tham – thaum pub mis, thaum muab da dej, thiab
thaum qwv nws pawm – yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum koj
nrog koj tus me nyuam tham ntawm ib hnub ntawd, koj yeej
qhia tau nws txawj ob npaug lawm! Koj yeej qhia cov lus
hais thiab qhia rau nws paub tias nws yog ib tug tseem ceeb
uas koj nyiam hais lus nrog.
Piav tej kwv huam los sis qhoob koj tus me nyuam. Tej
no yeej qhia tau koj tus me nyuam kom paub kwv yees
tias“yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim los” uas yog ib feem
tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm kom txawj ntaw.
Muab cov phau ntawv muaj duab los qhia koj cov me
nyuam.
Tej phau ntawv muaj duab uas sau los qhia rau
cov me nyuam yeej qhia tau cov me nyuam mos kom pib
los swm nws tus kheej nrog txoj kev nyeem ntawv. Thiab,
nyeem cov phau ntawv rau cov me nyuam mloog yeej ua rau
nws swm rau txoj kev txawj ntaw, yeej ua kom nws muaj kev
txaus siab rau qhov tau los nyob ua ke thiab muaj lub caij
los swm rau kev nyeem ntawv kom yog ib txoj hau kev pab
tau nws.
Rau cov me nyuam hlob
Siv cov phau ntawv coj los nrog koj tus me nyuam sib
tham. Thaum cov me nyuam txawj hais cov lus (leej twg?,
dab tsi?, qhov twg?, vim li cas?) yog lub caij rau cov niam
txiv los muab cov phau ntawv coj los nrog lawv cov me
nyuam sib tham. Thaum sam sim nyeem ntawv rau lawv
mloog, cov niam txiv muaj cuab kav muab tau tej lus nug
uas pab tau lawv xyaum tej yam lawv sam sim kawm tshiab
(“yuav xws li tus nyuj hais dab tsi?”), pab tau lawv kawm
kom paub tias yog li cas rau li cas (“yuav muaj dab tsi
tshwm sim los?”), tsim kom muaj tej tswv yim txawj hais
cov lus kom muaj quag (hais tsawg los paub ntau) (“yuav
muaj dab tsi tshwm sim los ntxiv?), thiab txawj daws teeb
meem (“leej txi yuav tau ua dab tsi?).
Qhia qhov tshwm sim ib ncig txhua hnub rau koj tus me
nyuam. Cov laus yeej pab tau cov me nyuam kom paub txog
cov lus (leej twg?, dab tsi?, qhov twg?, vim li cas?) li qhov
qhia rau lawv txog yam uas tshwm sim ib ncig ntawm lawv:
“Kuv xav paub tias leej twg nyob ntawm no ne?”, “qhov
ntawd qhia tau rau peb tias peb yuav tau ua li cas?”, “cov
mis nyuj yuav haus rau thaum sawv ntxov nyob qhov twg?”,
“cas yuav ntub li no?”.
Txhob kom cov me nyuam siv tej cwj mem kob, tej cwj
mem kos, thiab cwj mem qhuav.
Cov me nyuam hlob tab
tom xyaum kom tes taw kom muag los tuav tau thiab siv
tau cov cwj sau ntawv. Vim tias kev sau ntawv yog ib feem
ntawm txoj kev txawj ntaw thiab thaum lawv nrhiav tau
lawv txoj hau kev taug rau lawv lub neej li qhov “kuv ua tau
ntawm kuv txais tes!”. Cia cov me nyuam los xyaum sau
ntawv thiab kos tej duab kuj tseem tsis yog qhov tseem
ceeb xwb tab sis tseem yuav ua rau nws nyiam ua.
Rau cov me nyuam yuav txawj mus kawm ntawv
Tsim kom muaj “ntau yam ntaub ntawv” rau koj cov me
nyuam.
Cov me nyuam yeej faj tau tej lus sau qhia thiab tej
qauv taw qhia lawv tej npe, tej hnub nyoog, lawv nyob qhov
twg, qhov khoom lawv siv, thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv lub
neej txhua hnub. Cov niam cov txiv yeej pab tau lawv kom
txawj nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv li tej kev taw qhia cov
me nyuam rau tej lus sau qhia sawv daws (xws li cov lus
qhia kev mus los, cov ntawv sau qhia dai tom tej, cov lus sau
qhia chaw plob thiab cov lus qhia kev tawm thiab ntau ntau
yam.), qhov lawv hais kom cov me nyuam teev tej npe zaub
mov thiab xyaum ua tej kev sib tw cov niam ntawv thiab kev
sib tw ua si (“ cia nrhiav tus niam ntawv B seb”).
Siv tej kev mus yuav zaub mov noj los txhob nyeem ntawv.
Thaum coj cov me nyuam mus yuav zaub mov noj mas yeej
tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, tiam sis thaum cia lawv nrog saib
qhov yuav yuav thiab hom twg yog hom yuav yuav ntawd
muab tau lub caij rau cov me nyuam los “nyeem” tej ntawv
sau rau qhov khoom thiab xam seb cov khoom ntawd nyob
rau kem twg, thiab piv tau daim txo tau tus nqi rau qhov
khoom ntawd.
Siv kev ua zaub mov los txhob nyeem ntawv.
“Nyeem” cov
npe khoom uas yuav muab coj los ua noj yog ib feem ntawm
txoj kev xyaum nyeem ntawv, txawm yuav yog cov npe sau
tseg los sis cia li twv los yeej pab tau lawv kawm kom paub
sab laug rau sab xis. Cov me nyuam yeej muaj cuab kav
muab cov lus sau cia los mus piv tau rau cov khoom yuav
coj los siv, ces yeej pab kom lawv to taub txog qhov zoo tib
yam ntawm cov lus sau cia ntawm daim ntawv thiab qhov
khoom uas muaj cov npe lus sau cia ntawd.
Thawj lub xyoo ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej mas yog lub
caij rau cov niam cov txiv los cob qhia kom lawv tus me
nyuam txawj hais lus thiab txawj nrog lwm tus tham. Txhua
tus me nyuam yeej yuav txawj nyiam hais lus, txawj sib
hloov tswv yim thiab txawj siv tau cov lus sau cia yog lawv
tau tus qhia cov lus hais yooj yim hauv txhua hnub thiab tau
tus muaj kev hlub tshua.
Tau sau yog Sherilyn Goldsmith, M.Ed., University of Minnesota Child
Care Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Xav paub ntau tshaj no
Yog xav paub txog kev txhawb kom cov me nyuam txawj
nyeem ntawv, thov hu rau Early Childhood Family
Education program (ECFE) nyob hauv koj lub zos, xov tooj
yog 1-800-KIDS-709. Los sis mus saib hauv http://www.
zerotothree.org.
References:
Bredekamp, S., & Copple, C. (eds.). (1997). Developmentally
appropriate practice in early childhood programs. Washington,
DC: NAEYC.
Gonzales-Mena, J. & Eyer, D.W. (1993). Infants, toddlers, and
caregivers. Mountainview, CA: Mayfield. p. 125.Adapted with
permission from Schickendanz, J.A. (1994). Helping children
learn about reading. Brochure written for the National
Association for the Education of Young Children.
Schickendanz, J.A. (1998). “More than abc’s” the early stages of
reading and writing. Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Cov Lus Nug Txog Tub Ki muaj nyob
hauv Web:
http://cehd.umn.edu/ceed
Copyright © 2009 by Center for Early Education and
Development
These materials may be freely reproduced for education/
training or related activities. There is no requirement to obtain
special permission for such uses. We do, however, ask that the
following citation appear on all reproductions:
Reprinted with permission of the Center for Early Education
and Development (CEED), College of Education and Human
Development, University of Minnesota, 1954 Buford Avenue,
Suite 425, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108;
phone: 612-625-3058;
fax: 612-625-2093;
e-mail: ceed@umn.edu;
web site: http://cehd.umn.edu/ceed.
The Center for Early Education and Development hauv Minnesota lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog cov
sib koom los tsim cov lus nug txog tub ki. Minnesota lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog qhov chaw muaj
vaj huam sib luag rau txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab kev ua hauj lwm. Yog koj xav tau cov lus hauv daim
ntawv no ua lwm hom los yog xav tau ntau daim ntxiv, thov hu rau tus xov tooj 612-625-3058.
“How Can I Help My Young Child to Become a Reader?” Hmong translation by Dao Xiong